Gross Expenditure on Research and Development
As per latest Research & Development Statistics, the Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) in the country has been consistently increasing over the years and has more than doubled from Rs. 60,196.75 crore in 2010-11 to Rs. 1,27,380.96 crore in 2020-21.
The key sectors and institutions contributing to this increase include: government R&D labs/institutions, public & private sector industries and higher education institutions. In the industrial R&D, the dominant sectors are Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Information Technology, Transportation, Defence Industries and Biotechnology. The share of government spending in total R&D is 63.6% and that of private sectors is 36.4%.
Launch of ₹1.0 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund to provide financial support to private industries for research and innovation in the critical areas that are vital for national development and global competitiveness such as: Energy security and transition, and climate action; ‘Deep Technologies’ including quantum computing, robotics and space; Artificial intelligence; Biotechnology and medical devices; Digital economy including digital agriculture; etc. This scheme aims to catalyze private sector investment in R&D.
(updated on 3rd December 2025)